The Beguiling Balkans With Serbia, Bulgaria & Romania

One of the most beautiful cities in the world, the wonders of Budapest rise up along both banks of the Danube in a truly impressive way. Along with Heroes' Square with its Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, awe-inspiring Hungarian Parliament Building, and the lavish Castle District with photogenic Fishermen's Bastion, the city is home to a captivating Jewish district and the second-largest synagogue in the world, an intricate underground cave system, and some of Europe's most famous thermal baths.

The port town of Mohács holds an interesting distinction. Battles here in 1526 and 1687 marked both the beginning and the end of Ottoman rule over Hungary. The town's origin dates back much earlier than that, though, as a Roman camp on the banks of the Danube. Today, one of Mohács most colorful traditions is the annual Busójárás Carnival, a lively display of music and dancing, cowbells and clappers, wooden pitchforks and puppets, food and drink, mask-carving and bonfires, all to chase winter away.

Born on the banks of the Danube when Serbian merchants formed a colony across from Petrovaradin Fortress in 1694, Novi Sad has evolved into a haven of Serbian culture, earning it the nickname of "Serbian Athens". Home to a soaring cathedral, Bishop's Palace, theater, Jewish Synagogue, and more, Serbia's second-largest city is also a bustling university town that was named Youth Capital of Europe in 2019 and a European Capital of Culture in 2022.

Situated along the famed Orient Express, where the Danube and Sava Rivers meet is Belgrade, one of the Danube's four riverside capitals. This is one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities—a place sieged, razed, and bombed by outsiders trying to control it. Today, the one-time capital of Yugoslavia is a thriving hub of government, finance, and urban renewal of many former communist-era districts. It is home to the Church of Saint Sava, one of the largest Orthodox churches; the famous Nikola Tesla Museum; Kalemegdan Fortress; and more.

Located in the Veliki Kazan gorge, a section of the famed Iron Gates in Đerdap National Park, is Donji Milanovac, whose peaceful Serbian beauty is breathtaking. So much so, in fact, that filmmakers flock here, earning it the nickname of "Serbian Hollywood". Nearby, archaeologists have unearthed sculptures, weapons, and tools up to 9,000 years old that bear witness to an advanced Stone Age civilization—Lepenski Vir, one of the oldest settlements in Europe.

During its long and tumultuous history, Vidin has seen some things. It’s a place with ancient Roman roots. It was subjugated for half a millennium by the Ottoman Turks, and it suffered a devastating flood in 1942. Today Vidin provides a major border crossing to neighboring Romania. The Old Town is an engaging potpourri of architectural diversity that includes austere structures from the Socialist era. Highlights include many old Orthodox churches, a synagogue, mosque, indominatable Baba Vida fortress, and a growing reputation for its wine production.

Giurgiu sits among the mud flats and marshes of the Danube's left bank. Three small islands face the city, and a larger one shelters its port. This one-time exporter of timber, grain, salt, and petroleum was served by a railway to Bucharest that was built in 1869, the first line opened in Romania. This also placed Giurgiu on the map among wealthy globetrotters as it became a stop for the legendary Orient Express. By 1954, Giurgiu had another feather in its cap, when the steel-truss Friendship Bridge opened over the Danube, connecting Romania to neighboring Bulgaria.

The city of Rousse on the right bank of the Danube grew from a Neolithic settlement into one of modern Bulgaria's key cultural and economic centers. Its beautiful Neo-Baroque and Neo-Rococo architecture, wide boulevards, and green squares earned it the nickname "Little Vienna". Highlights include its beautiful Opera House, Palace of Justice, Freedom Square, and Freedom Bridge, which crosses the Danube to Giurgiu, Romania, and elevated Rousse to Bulgaria's most significant river port.

Svistov, the Danube’s southernmost point, has endured a turbulent past—battles between Romans and barbarians, devastation during the Russo-Turkish War, a Russian sacking in 1878, and near destruction from a 1977 earthquake. Despite these hardships, it recovered as an agricultural, fishing, cultural, and university center. The Old Town retains its character with winding alleys, well-preserved historic buildings, and a scenic riverside promenade, all watched over by the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, which has stood proudly on the highest hill since 1867.

When Henry Mancini wrote "The Days of Wine and Roses", he certainly could have drawn his inspiration from Turnu Severin, a Romanian town known for its roses and white wines. Built as a Roman fort by Emperor Trajan, the site eventually included a full roman colony with temples, and a bridge (an incredible architectural feat) that allowed troops to cross the Danube. Must-see sights include the 13th-century Severin Fortress, the Water Castle dating back to 1914, the fascinating Iron Gates Museum, and the Roman baths, theater, and remnants of Trajan's Bridge.